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1. _____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.

a. Chain of command

b. Organizational structure

c. Organizational culture

d. Line of control

答案：c

2. A _____ is a tool used in quality management.

a. checklist

b. critical path analysis

c. probability matrix

d. request for proposal

答案：a

3. A _____ is a tool used in risk management.

a. work breakdown structure

b. probability matrix

c. project organizational chart

d. critical path analysis

答案：b

4. A _____ is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization.

a. Project Management Office

b. Project Management Center

c. Portfolio Group

d. Project Management Professional

答案：a

5. A _____ is usually not necessary to the Scrum method, b

a. velocity estimate

b. team charter

c. product backlog

d. Gantt chart

答案：b

6. A difference between strategic and tactical goals is:

a. strategic goals are long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are short-term.

b. strategic goals are more specific than tactical goals.

c. tactical goals encompass broader dimensions than strategic goals.

d. tactical goals are more important for a project than strategic goals.

答案：a

7. A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a ____ format.

a. calendar

b. bar graph

c. pie chart

d. line graph

答案：a

8. Administrative activities, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project, are often involved in which processes?

a. initiating

b. monitoring and controlling

c. closing

d. executing

答案：c

9. After working with key stakeholders to define activities and calculate their resources, what is the next process in project schedule management?

a. control the schedule.

b. determine their dependencies.

c. estimate the duration of activities.

d. develop the schedule.

答案：c

10. An important tool for project scope management is _____.

a. fast tracking

b. a Gantt chart

c. a work breakdown structure

d. a kickoff meeting

答案：c

11. An organizational process assets update is the output of which closing process?

a. project procurement management

b. project time management

c. project integration management

d. project quality management

答案：c

12. Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with which process in project scope management?

a. monitoring and controlling

b. planning

c. closing

d. executing

答案：b

13. Which process involves developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system?

a. Decomposition

b. Prototyping

c. Variance

d. Use case modeling

答案：b

14. During which approach do team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS?

a. analogy

b. mind mapping

c. top-down

d. bottom-up

答案：d

15. During which relationship is the “from” activity unable start until the “to” activity is started?

a. finish-to-start

b. start-to-start

c. start-to-finish

d. finish-to-finish

答案：b

16. Enterprise project management software is also known as a _____ tool of project management software.

a. midrange

b. low-end

c. baseline

d. high-end

答案：d

17. Fast tracking is an example of a tool used in _____ management.

a. risk

b. communication

c. quality

d. schedule

答案：d

18. Galaxy, a construction company, buys a particular brand of tiles manufactured by Tiles and Floors, an eco-friendly tile manufacturing company. However, Tiles and Floors has declared bankruptcy and closed down. At present, Galaxy is facing a crisis because there are no other manufacturers in the market that supplies eco-friendly tiles. Which constraint is Galaxy currently facing?

a. Time

b. Cost

c. Resources

d. Scope

答案：c

19. Good Earth, a company manufacturing packaged food products, sets up its stores in Baltonia. However, a year later, the company closes the store down due to high operating costs. In such a scenario, the money spent in paying for the rent of the store in Baltonia would be an example of which costs?

a. direct

b. sunk

c. intangible

d. recurring

答案：b

20. Grey’s Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey’s have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company’s dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients’ through the salespeople’s clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization.

a. political

b. structural

c. symbolic

d. human resources

答案：c

21. How are profits best defined?

a. costs plus revenues

b. expenses plus net income

c. revenues plus expenses

d. revenues minus expenditures

答案：d

22. How does critical chain scheduling protect tasks on the critical chain from being delayed?

a. fast tracking

b. critical paths

c. feeding buffers

d. dummy activities

答案：c

23. In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.

a. functional

b. symbolic

c. project

d. matrix

答案：d

24. In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs.

a. matrix

b. functional

c. symbolic

d. project

答案：d

25. In an AOA network diagram, what occurs when two or more activities follow a single node?

a. mergers

b. bursts

c. combinations

d. buffers

答案：b

26. In organizational culture, what does control refer to?

a. The degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking

b. The degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment

c. The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior

d. The degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results

答案：c

27. In organizational culture, what does means-end orientation refer to?

a. The degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results

b. The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior

c. The degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking

d. The degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment

答案：a

28. In organizational culture, what does people focus refer to?

a. The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior

b. The degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment

c. The degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking

d. The degree to which management’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization

答案：d

29. In project schedule management, the ultimate goal of which process is to provide a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project?

a. defining activities

b. sequencing activities

c. developing a schedule

d. estimating activity resources

答案：c

30. In project schedule management, what is the next step after defining project activities?

a. controlling the schedule

b. estimating activity duration

c. determining their dependencies

d. planning schedule management

答案：c

31. In project schedule management, which is an output of controlling the schedule?

a. project management plan update

b. activity duration estimate

c. milestones list

d. activity attribute

答案：a

32. In project schedule management, which process generates the main outputs of an activity list, activity attributes, and a milestone list?

a. defining activities

b. resource estimating activities

c. estimating activity durations

d. sequencing activities

答案：a

33. In project schedule management, which process involves analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule?

a. controlling the schedule

b. defining activities

c. developing the schedule

d. planning schedule management

答案：c

34. In project schedule management, which process involves estimating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities?

a. planning schedule management

b. defining activities

c. sequencing activities

d. estimating activity durations

答案：d

35. In project schedule management, which process primarily involve identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities?

a. sequencing activities

b. estimating activity durations

c. defining activities

d. planning schedule management

答案：a

36. In project schedule management, which process primarily involves checking and managing changes to the project schedule?

a. controlling the schedule

b. developing the schedule

c. estimating activity durations

d. estimating activity resources

答案：a

37. In project schedule management, the main goal of which process is to ensure that the project team has complete understanding of all the work they must do as part of the project scope so they can start scheduling the work?

a. estimating activity resources

b. controlling the schedule

c. estimating activity durations

d. defining activities

答案：d

38. In Rizzati Corp, vice presidents in departments such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report directly to the chief executive officer and undertake their tasks independently of each other. The staffs of these departments have specialized skills in their respective disciplines. Which type of organizational structure does Rizatti Corp have?

a. Symbolic

b. Matrix

c. Project

d. Functional

答案：d

39. In the Scrum method, during which meeting is the improvement of the product and process discussed?

a. daily Scrum

b. sprint review

c. kick-off

d. sprint retrospective

答案：d

40. In what type of organizational structure do project managers have the least amount of authority?

a. Functional

b. Project

c. Circular

d. Matrix

答案：a

41. In what type of organizational structure do project managers have the most authority?

a. Project

b. Matrix

c. Circular

d. Functional

答案：a

42. In which development life cycle do stakeholders define and approve the detailed scope before the start on an iteration?

a. Hybrid

b. Incremental

c. Adaptive

d. Iterative

答案：c

43. In which of the following areas of management is payback analysis most likely to be used?

a. Quality

b. Communication

c. Cost

d. Resource

答案：c

44. In which product life cycle the scope, schedule, and cost are determined early, and changes to scope are carefully managed?

a. Incremental

b. Predictive

c. Iterative

d. Adaptive

答案：b

45. In which systems development life cycle do model developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously?

a. Prototyping life cycle

b. Spiral life cycle

c. RAD life cycle

d. Waterfall life cycle

答案：a

46. Joe is a project manager in an IT company and has over the years, gained substantial knowledge in his area of work. However, while managing his team, he often loses his temper. In addition, he fails to be an active listener when his team members approach him with work related challenges. In which of the following areas does Joe need to develop his skills in?

a. Standards and regulations

b. Human relations skills

c. Project environment knowledge

d. Application area knowledge

答案：b

47. Martha works as a project manager at a bank. Due to certain changes in external factors, Martha needs to make a few alterations in the tactical goals of her project. In such a scenario, which of the following will best help Martha cope with the change?

a. Negotiation

b. Project environment knowledge

c. Motivation

d. Soft skills

答案：b

48. Mind mapping can be used for developing WBSs using which approach?

a. top-down or bottom-up approach

b. analogy approach only

c. any approach

d. bottom-up or analogy approach

答案：a

49. Newtech Inc. hires John for the position of a software programmer to work on their new project. Salary paid to John by Newtech Inc. would be an example of which type of costs?

a. indirect

b. direct

c. sunk

d. intangible

答案：b

50. Project procurement management mainly involves:

a. making effective use of the people involved with the project.

b. buying goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization.

c. identifying and analyzing stakeholder

d. generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information.

答案：b

51. Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within the greater organizational context. Which approach describes the holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization?

a. Linear analysis

b. Systems thinking

c. The silo approach

d. Reductionism

答案：b

52. Reporting performance, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keep the project on track, is a common part of which process?

a. monitoring and controlling

b. executing

c. planning

d. closing

答案：a

53. Select an example of external stakeholders for an organization.

a. Competitors

b. Functional managers

c. Employees

d. Top managers

答案：a

54. Soles is a footwear company which has recently set up its store in Ambrosia. To manufacture its products, Soles incurs a range of different costs. Which would be an example of an indirect cost?

a. Electricity used to run its factories

b. Cost of machines to produce shoes

c. Salary paid to factory workers

d. Cost of leather used to manufacture shoes

答案：a

55. Steve, an engineer in a construction company, is at present working on a home construction project. The home is being built for the Robinson family, the owners of the home. Steve is working with his project team and support staff to ensure the project is completed on time. In such a scenario, the project sponsor is _____.

a. the project team

b. the Robinson family

c. Steve

d. the support staff

答案：b

56. Team building exercises and motivation techniques are tools used in _____ management.

a. procurement

b. cost

c. resource

d. scope

答案：c

57. The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people.

a. structural

b. political

c. symbolic

d. human resources

答案：d

58. The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation.

a. RAD life cycle

b. waterfall life cycle

c. spiral life cycle

d. prototyping life cycle

答案：a

59. The critical path is the _____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the _____ amount of slack or float.

a. shortest; longest

b. longest; shortest

c. longest; longest

d. shortest; shortest

答案：b

60. The main goal of which process is to produce a cost baseline for measuring project performance and project funding requirements?

a. cost controlling

b. cost budgeting

c. cost planning

d. cost estimating

答案：b

61. The organization recognizes that a new project exists and completes a project charter during which processes for a new project?

a. initiating

b. opening

c. planning

d. controlling

答案：a

62. The project cost management knowledge area maps to which process group through the activities of estimating costs and budget determination?

a. executing

b. monitoring and controlling

c. planning

d. initiating

答案：c

63. The project management plan is the output of which project planning process?

a. integration management

b. scope management

c. quality management

d. procurement management

答案：a

64. The project schedule management knowledge area maps to which process group through the activity of schedule control?

a. monitoring and controlling

b. initiating

c. executing

d. planning

答案：a

65. The project scope management knowledge area maps to which process group through the activities of scope validation and scope control?

a. monitoring and controlling

b. planning

c. initiating

d. executing

答案：a

66. The project stakeholder management knowledge area maps to which process group by identifying stakeholders?

a. planning

答案：b

67. The role of a _____ is to provide direction and funding for a project.

a. support staff member

b. project sponsor

c. project manager

d. project team

答案：b

68. The symbolic perspective of an organization:

a. focuses on different groups’ roles and

b. views the organization as coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.

c. focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people.

d. focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.

答案：d

69. Variances are calculated by subtracting the actual cost from which value?

a. planned value

b. rate of performance

c. schedule variance

d. earned value

答案：d

70. What does the process of controlling costs primarily involve?

a. determining a basis for estimates

b. finalising the procedures for project costs

c. managing changes to the project budget

d. determining the policies for project costs

答案：c

71. What important Scrum artifact is used to graphically display progress on each sprint during the monitoring and controlling process?

a. burndown chart

b. product backlog

c. WBS

d. sprint backlog

答案：a

72. What is a difference between low-end and midrange tools of the project management software?

a. Midrange tools are designed to handle larger projects than low-end tools.

b. Midrange tools provide basic project management features whereas low-end tools offer enterprise and portfolio management functions.

c. Low-end tools provide robust capabilities to handle dispersed workgroups whereas midrange tools do not.

d. Low-end tools are designed to handle primarily multiple users whereas midrange tools are created to handle single users.

答案：a

73. What is a rough order of magnitude estimate also referred to as?

a. definitive

b. ballpark

c. final

d. budgetary

答案：b

74. What is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed referred to as?

a. entity-attribute-value model

b. Gantt chart

c. requirements traceability matrix

d. state transition table

答案：c

75. What is an accurate difference between the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and critical path method (CPM)?

a. Unlike CPM, PERT estimates only when there is no risk of uncertainty.

b. PERT uses different duration estimates whereas CPM uses one specific duration estimate.

c. CPM addresses the risk associated with duration estimates whereas PERT does not.

d. CPM involves more work than PERT because it requires several duration estimates.

答案：b

76. What is another term used for budget?

a. planned value

b. indirect cost

c. actual cost

d. earned value

答案：a

77. What is developed in the Project Integration Management knowledge area?

a. project management plan

b. schedule management plan

c. WBS

d. quality management

答案：a

78. What is often the most difficult and unappreciated process in project management?

a. initiating

b. planning

c. executing

d. monitoring and controlling

答案：b

79. What is one of the main outputs of the initiation process?

a. identifying the project sponsor

b. selecting the project manager

c. creating the work breakdown structure

d. developing the project charter

答案：d

80. What is the first process involved in project schedule management?

a. estimating activity durations

b. sequencing activities

c. planning schedule management

d. defining activities

答案：c

81. What is the first step in project cost management?

a. plan how costs will be managed

b. develop several estimates of costs for different types of resources

c. control project costs and monitor cost performance

d. allocate project cost estimates to individual material resources

答案：a

82. What is the latest possible time an activity might begin without delaying the project finish date?

a. early start date

b. late finish date

c. late start date

d. early finish date

答案：c

83. What is the main purpose of project plans?

a. schedule management plans

b. define project scope

c. guide project execution

d. estimate activity resources

答案：c

84. What is the main technique used in creating a WBS, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces?

a. decomposition

b. conglomeration

c. catalyzation

d. accumulation

答案：a

85. What is the purpose of a cost performance index (CPI)?

a. indicate that the planned and actual costs are equal if CPI is more than one

b. estimate the ratio of earned value to planned value

c. estimate the projected cost of completing the project

d. indicate that a project is under budget if CPI is less than one

答案：c

86. What is scope creep?

a. subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces

b. a task at the lowest level of the WBS

c. the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS.

d. the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger

答案：d

87. What process group does the project integration management knowledge area map to through the activities of developing project charters?

a. initiating

b. monitoring and controlling

c. planning

d. executing

答案：a

88. What process involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders?

a. Scope baseline

b. Scope control

c. Scope validation

d. Scope planning

答案：c

89. What process provides enterprise environmental factors as an output?

a. project procurement management

b. project human resource management

c. project integration management

d. project quality management

答案：b

90. What processes include defining and authorizing a project or project phase?

a. Executing

b. Monitoring and controlling

c. Initiating

d. Planning

答案：c

91. What processes include devising and maintaining a workable scheme to ensure that the project addresses the organization’s needs?

a. Planning

b. Executing

c. Monitoring and controlling

d. Initiating

答案：a

92. What term is used for analogous estimates?

a. budgetary

b. bottom-up

c. parametric

d. top-down

答案：d

93. What term is used for the amount of time an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the planned project finish date?

a. total slack

b. backward pass

c. free float

d. forward pass

答案：a

94. What term is used for the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediately following activities?

a. backward pass

b. free slack

c. fast tracking

d. forward pass

答案：b

95. What tool provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance?

a. work breakdown structure

b. scope statement

c. project charter

d. cost management plan

答案：a

96. What type of estimate is a cost estimation tool that involves estimating individual work items or activities and summing them to get a project total?

a. bottom-up

b. analogous

c. parametric

d. budgetary

答案：a

97. What type of estimate is a cost estimation tool used to allocate money into an organization’s budget?

a. definitive

b. rough order of magnitude

c. budgetary

d. ballpark

答案：c

98. What type of estimate is used for making many purchasing decisions for which accurate estimates are required and for estimating final project costs?

a. budgetary

b. rough order of magnitude

c. definitive

d. final

答案：c

99. What type of management includes the processes required to ensure that a project team completes a project within an approved budget?

a. project scope management

b. project time management

c. project quality management

d. project cost management

答案：d

100. Where would a draft schedule for a project most likely be found?

a. project buffer

b. project charter

c. resource breakdown structure

d. project’s dummy activities list

答案：b

101. Which action involves normalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables?

a. Defining scope

b. Validating scope

c. Creating scope

d. Controlling scope

答案：b

102. Which action involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them?

a. Validating scope

b. Defining scope

c. Controlling scope

d. Collecting requirements

答案：d

103. Which action involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved?

a. Validating scope

b. Creating scope

c. Controlling scope

d. Defining scope

答案：d

104. Which activity is a part of the Scrum planning process?

a. Creating sprint backlog

b. Completing tasks each day during sprints

c. Demonstrating the product during a sprint review meeting

d. Determining how many sprints will compose each release

答案：a

105. Which approach for constructing a WBS involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail?

a. analogy

b. mind mapping

c. bottom-up

d. top-down

答案：d

106. Which approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items?

a. analogy

b. mind mapping

c. bottom-up

d. top-down

答案：d

107. Which approach for constructing a WBS uses a similar project’s WBS as a starting point?

a. top-down

b. analogy

c. bottom-up

d. mind-mapping

答案：b

108. Which approach to product development is currently used by many organizations so a predictive set of steps is used as an overall means to coordinate more detailed steps that are adaptively managed?

a. Hybrid

b. Predictive

c. Adaptive

d. Incremental

答案：a

109. Which are outputs of the executing process of project integration management?

a. Resource calendars

b. Deliverables

c. Enterprise environmental factor updates

d. Issue logs

答案：b

110. Which attribute best defines the role of leaders?

a. They focus on short-term objectives.

b. They work on achieving primarily tactical goals.

c. They inspire people to reach goals.

d. They work solely toward day-to-day details of meeting specific tasks.

答案：c

111. Which attribute is true of low-end tools of project management software?

a. They are referred to as enterprise project management software.

b. They provide basic project management features.

c. They are designed for especially large projects with multiple users.

d. Their main advantage is that they have unlimited functionality.

答案：b

112. Which characteristic highlights a difference between projects and operations?

a. Projects are undertaken to sustain an organization’s business whereas operations are not.

b. Operations have well-defined objectives whereas projects do not need to have a unique purpose.

c. Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization’s operations are ongoing in nature.

d. Operations are undertaken to create unique products, services, or results whereas projects are not.

答案：c

113. Which characteristic is true of virtual teams?

a. It is easier for a virtual team to build relationships and trust.

b. It is important to select team members carefully.

c. As they never meet, virtual teams do not have conflicts.

d. Negative incentives do not impact virtual team members.

答案：b

114. Which characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization?

a. Unit integration

b. People focus

c. Group emphasis

d. Member identity

答案：b

115. Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment?

a. Conflict tolerance

b. Open-systems focus

c. Means-ends orientation

d. Risk tolerance

答案：b

116. Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other?

a. Group emphasis

b. Unit integration

c. People focus

d. Member identity

答案：b

117. Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession?

a. Member identity

b. People focus

c. Group emphasis

d. Unit integration

答案：a

118. Which costs are difficult to measure in monetary terms?

a. Intangible costs

b. Direct costs

c. Fixed costs

d. Tangible costs

答案：a

119. Which dependencies are sometimes referred to as soft logic and should be used with care because they may limit later scheduling options?

a. mandatory

b. inherent

c. discretionary

d. external

答案：c

120. Which dependencies do AOA network diagrams use?

a. finish-to-start

b. finish-to-finish

c. start-to-start

d. start-to-finish

答案：a

121. Which dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities?

a. inherent

b. mandatory

c. discretionary

d. external

答案：d

122. Which document contains a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project?

a. project charter

b. project scope statement

c. business case

d. work breakdown structure

答案：d

123. Which document is most likely to include planned project start and end dates which serve as the starting points for a detailed schedule?

a. project charter

b. organizational process assets update

c. milestones list

d. resource breakdown structure

答案：a

124. Which document should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project?

a. scope statement

b. Gantt chart

c. project charter

d. WBS

答案：a

125. Which framework is an iterative software development process that focuses on team productivity and delivers software best practices to all team members?

a. Agile Unified Process

b. Rational Unified Process

c. Six Sigma

d. Dynamic Systems Development Method

答案：b

126. Which goal distinguishes project management and portfolio

a. Portfolio management asks questions like, “Are we carrying out projects efficiently?” whereas project management asks questions such as “Are we investing in the right areas?”

b. Portfolio management is an easy task whereas project management is a more difficult task.

c. Project management involves making wise investment decisions whereas portfolio management does not.

d. Project management addresses specific, short-term goals whereas portfolio management focuses on long-term goals.

答案：d

127. Which is a disadvantage for virtual teams compared to traditional teams?

a. Limited flexibility in team working hours

b. Increased costs for office space and support

c. Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information

d. Reduced dependence on technology and processes for accomplishing work

答案：c

128. Which is a similarity between scope control and schedule control?

a. Both are initial processes of project time management.

b. Both of their primary goals is to define project goals and milestones.

c. Both are portions of the integrated change control process under project integration management.

d. Both of these processes should occur before estimating activity durations.

答案：c

129. Which is a similarity between the crashing and fast tracking?

a. both spread out tasks over a long period of time to ensure the quality of work is maintained

b. both can shorten the time needed to finish a project

c. both invariably result in increases in total project costs

d. both are network diagramming techniques used primarily to predict total project duration

答案：b

130. Which is an example of a pre-initiation task?

a. Developing a business case for a project

b. Drafting the project charter

c. Identifying stakeholders

d. Drawing up a work breakdown structure

答案：a

131. Which is an input of the process of controlling costs?

a. cost forecasts

b. work performance data

c. scope baseline

d. change requests

答案：b

132. Which is an output of schedule control?

a. resource requirements

b. milestones lists

c. change requests

d. activity attributes

答案：c

133. Which is an output of the process of controlling costs?

a. cost forecasts

b. basis of estimates

c. scope baselines

d. project funding requirements

答案：a

134. Which is most likely to be a reason for inaccuracies in information technology cost estimates?

a. People lack estimating experience.

b. Human beings are biased toward overestimation.

c. Only software development provides the scope for estimates to be accurate.

d. Estimates take a long time to be worked out.

答案：a

135. Which is one of the main outputs of estimating activity resources process?

a. milestone list

b. breakdown structure

c. project documents update

d. activity duration estimate

答案：c

136. Which is recommended for the creation of a good WBS?

a. Any WBS item should be the responsibility of all the people working on it.

b. The work content of a WBS item is independent of the WBS items below it.

c. A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.

d. Each WBS item should be created assuming that the requirements are inflexible.

答案：c

137. Which is true about the agile method?

a. It is often used when a project team can express the scope early in the product life cycle.

b. It is used when a project team wants to provide a potentially shippable product earlier rather than later.

c. It uses several iterations or deliveries of software instead of waiting until the end of the project to provide a product.

d. It is used when project teams want to use the predicative approach to a project.

答案：c

138. Which is true of a finish-to-finish dependency?

a. It is a dependency in which the “from” activity must start before the “to” activity can be finished.

b. It is a dependency in which in which the “from” activity must finish before the “to” activity or successor can start.

c. It is a dependency in which the “from” activity must be finished before the “to” activity can be finished.

d. It is a dependency in which the “from” activity cannot start until the “to” activity or successor is started.

答案：c

139. Which is true of dummy activities?

a. They have long durations.

b. They show logical relationships between activities.

c. They have a large range of resources.

d. They have limited time periods.

答案：a

140. Which is true of earned value?

a. It is an estimate of the value of the physical work actually completed.

b. It is based solely on the total cost estimate to be spent on an activity.

c. It is also known as the planned value.

d. It is the actual cost plus the planned cost.

答案：a

141. Which is true of the schedule performance index (SPI)?

a. It can be used to estimate the projected time to complete the project.

b. It means that a project is ahead of schedule if SPI is lesser than one or hundred percent.

c. It means that a project is behind schedule if an SPI is greater than one.

d. It is the ratio of planned value to actual costs.

答案：a

142. Which knowledge area involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully?

a. Project resource management

b. Project time management

c. Project cost management

d. Project scope management

答案：d

143. Which law states that work expands to fill the time allowed?

a. Einstein’s Law

b. Murphy’s Law

c. Miller’s Law

d. Parkinson’s Law

答案：d

144. Which method is used for determining the estimated annual costs and benefits for a project?

a. Requirements analysis

b. Cash flow analysis

c. Critical path analysis

d. Present value analysis

答案：b

145. Which network diagramming technique uses boxes to represent activities?

a. ADM

b. CPM

c. PERT

d. PDM

答案：d

146. Which objective is true of projects?

a. They are permanent in nature.

b. They are developed using regressive elaboration.

c. They have a unique purpose.

d. They have an indefinite beginning and end.

答案：c

147. Which observation is true of the agile approach to software development?

a. An agile approach sets scope goals, but leaves time and cost goals flexible.

b. In the agile approach, requirements must be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.

c. In the agile method, requirements and

d. Agile is a predictive model of software development.

答案：c

148. Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle?

a. The period of time given to managers during the feasibility phases to decide on the cost, quality, and time constraints for the project

b. A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated

c. The point of time in the project lifecycle after which it is impossible to terminate a running project

d. The final submission of the project deliverables after which the project is terminated

答案：b

149. Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure?

a. In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.

b. In a matrix organizational structure, employees are organized into departments according to their skills, and there is little interaction between employees from different departments.

c. Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from only a single functional area working

d. A matrix organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional

答案：a

150. Which of the following is true of program managers?

a. They are responsible solely for the delivery of project results.

b. They recognize that managing a program is simpler than managing a project.

c. They report to project managers who represent the next level in the hierarchy.

d. They provide leadership and direction for project managers heading the projects within a program.

答案：d

151. Which of the following is true of the project life cycle?

a. In the later phases of the project life cycle, the level of uncertainty is usually the highest.

b. It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases than the latter phases.

c. More resources are usually needed during the initial phases of a project

d. In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.

答案：d

152. Which of the following questions reflects the strategic goals of project portfolio management?

a. Are projects on time and on budget?

b. Are we carrying out projects well?

c. Do stakeholders know what they should be doing?

d. Are we investing in the right areas?

答案：d

153. Which of the following refers to a set of principles that guides decision making based on personal values of what is considered right and wrong?

a. Ethics

b. Laws

c. Civics

d. Politics

答案：a

154. Which organization provides certification as a Project Management Professional?

a. PMI

b. PMP

c. PMS

d. PMC

答案：a

155. Which output documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed?

a. WBS

b. requirements traceability matrix

c. requirements management plan

d. project scope statement

答案：c

156. Which perspective of an organization focuses on different groups’ roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management?

a. Human resources frame

b. Symbolic frame

c. Political frame

d. Structural frame

答案：d

157. Which planning process is associated with project scope management?

a. Performing qualitative risk analysis

b. Collecting requirements

c. Planning schedule management

d. Estimating costs

答案：b

158. Which planning process is within the Project Scope Management knowledge area?

a. Quality planning

b. Schedule development

c. Developing a project management plan

d. Creation of a WBS

答案：d

159. Which problem-solving approach requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs?

a. Linear programming

b. Principal component analysis

c. Independent component analysis

d. Systems analysis

答案：d

160. Which process helps develop an accurate projection of a project’s financial expenses and benefits?

a. fast tracking

b. crashing

c. critical path analysis

d. life cycle costing

答案：d

161. Which process in project schedule management involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables?

a. estimating activity durations

b. sequencing activities

c. defining activities

d. developing the schedule

答案：c

162. Which process includes measuring progress toward project objectives and taking corrective action to match progress with the plan?

a. Planning

b. Executing

c. Monitoring and controlling

d. Initiating

答案：c

163. Which process involves allocating the overall cost estimate to individual work items to establish a baseline for measuring performance?

a. estimating costs

b. controlling costs

c. finalizing policies for project costs

d. determining the budget

答案：d

164. Which process involves developing an approximation of the costs of resources needed to complete a project?

a. finalising the cost baseline

b. estimating costs

c. determining the budget

d. controlling costs

答案：b

165. Which process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end?

a. executing

b. closing

c. monitoring

d. planning

答案：b

166. Which process involves generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization?

a. decomposition

b. benchmarking

c. prototyping

d. variance

答案：b

167. Which process results in a cost baseline as a main output?

a. cost controlling

b. cost budgeting

c. cost estimating

d. cost planning

答案：b

168. Which process involves identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them?

a. Use case modeling

b. Prototyping

c. JAD

d. RAD

答案：a

169. Which process uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems?

a. JAD

b. RAD

c. Prototyping

d. Use case modeling

答案：a

170. Which processes include acquiring and developing the project team, performing quality assurance, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and conducting procurements?

a. monitoring and controlling

b. planning

c. executing

d. initiating

答案：c

171. Which project management knowledge area ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken?

a. Project cost management

b. Project quality management

c. Project time management

d. Project risk management

答案：b

172. Which project management knowledge area is an overarching function that affects and is affected by the different knowledge areas?

a. Project communications management

b. Project stakeholder management

c. Project integration management

d. Project cost management

答案：c

173. Which project management knowledge area primarily involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information?

a. Project cost management

b. Project communications management

c. Project time management

d. Project procurement management

答案：b

174. Which project would be compatible with the use of the agile approach?

a. Projects that have more flexible scheduling

b. Projects with inexperienced and dispersed teams

c. Projects that have a fairly rigid completion date

d. Projects with clear-up front requirements

答案：a

175. Which provide a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format?

a. Critical path analysis

b. PERT analysis

c. Arrow diagramming method

d. Gantt charts

答案：d

176. Which reserves allow for future situations that are unpredictable?

a. Cost baseline reserves

b. Contingency reserves

c. Management reserves

d. Known unknowns

答案：c

177. Which statement best defines cost variance?

a. earned value minus the actual cost

b. planned value plus actual costs

c. rate of performance minus earned value

d. planned value minus the rate of performance

答案：a

178. Which statement best defines schedule variance?

a. earned value minus the actual cost

b. planned value plus the rate of performance

c. planned value plus the earned value

d. earned value minus the planned value

答案：d

179. Which statement best describes outsourcing?

a. An organization’s acquisition of goods and services from an outside source

b. An organization selling its products in a market outside its domestic market

c. An organization’s use of virtual teams with employees located in different countries

d. An organization setting up manufacturing and retailing facilities in a new country

答案：a

180. Which statement best describes scope?

a. each level of work that is outlined in a work breakdown structure

b. tasks that are decomposed into smaller tasks in a work breakdown structure

c. work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them

d. end product created as part of a project that is delivered to the client

答案：c

181. Which statement is true of a order of magnitude estimate?

a. It is a type of estimate that is done in the final stages of a project.

b. Its timeframe is always less than a year prior to project completion.

c. It provides an estimate of what a project will cost.

d. It is used to allocate money into an organization’s budget.

答案：c

182. Which statement is true of analogous estimates?

a. They are most reliable when previous projects are similar in fact with current projects.

b. Their main disadvantage is that they cost more than other techniques.

c. They use project characteristics in a mathematical model to estimate project costs.

d. They are the only technique which do not require expert judgement.

答案：a

183. Which statement is true of bottom-up estimates?

a. They are most accurate when they involve large, extensive work items.

b. They are based on the actual cost of a previous, similar project.

c. They are also known as parametric estimating.

d. They are time-intensive and expensive to develop.

答案：d

184. Which statement is true of contingency reserves?

a. They allow for dollar amounts to be used to cover existing, fixed costs.

b. They are not included in a cost baseline.

c. They allow for future situations that can be partially planned for.

d. They are also known as unknown unknowns.

答案：c

185. Which statement is true of project management?

a. It is a simple discipline with a limited scope.

b. It does not guarantee successes for all projects.

c. It has specific tools which work universally across all kinds of projects.

d. Its framework consists solely of project management knowledge areas.

答案：b

186. Which statement is true of tangible costs?

a. They can be easily measured.

b. Their examples include goodwill and prestige.

c. They cannot be calculated in monetary terms.

d. They are difficult to quantify.

答案：a

187. Which statement is true regarding indirect costs?

a. not directly related to the products or services of a project.

b. those that can be easily controlled by managers.

c. those that cannot be allocated to projects.

d. directly related to performing the project.

答案：a

188. Which task is at the lowest level of the WBS?

a. work package

b. deliverable

c. variance

d. objective

答案：a

189. Which technique involves doing activities in parallel that one would normally do in sequence?

a. Critical chain scheduling

b. PERT analysis

c. Fast tracking

d. Crashing

答案：c

190. Which technique is used for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks?

a. analogy

b. top-down

c. mind mapping

d. bottom-up

答案：c

191. Which term is used for a significant event on a project that normally has no duration?

a. schedule baseline

b. activity sequence

c. milestone

d. activity attribute

答案：c

192. Which term refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project?

a. Input

b. System

c. Deliverable

d. Resource

答案：c

193. Which term refers to the difference between planned and actual performance?

a. Scope validation

b. Decomposition

c. Scope creep

d. Variance

答案：d

194. Which tool can best help in efficient communication management?

a. Fast tracking

b. Impact matrices

c. Requests for quotes

d. Kick-off meetings

答案：d

195. Which tool is most likely to be used in project schedule management?

a. Impact matrices

b. Fishbone diagrams

c. Payback analysis

d. Gantt charts

答案：d

196. Which type of dependencies are inherent in the nature of work being performed on a project?

a. external

b. random

c. discretionary

d. mandatory

答案：d

197. Which type of estimate should be used if the cost estimate for a project is used a basis for contract awards and performance reporting?

a. rough order of magnitude

b. budgetary

c. analogous

d. definitive

答案：d

198. Which type of estimate uses the actual cost of a previous, similar project as the basis for estimating the cost of the current project?

a. parametric estimates

b. definitive estimates

c. analogous estimates

d. bottom-up estimates

答案：c

199. Which type of estimating uses project characteristics in a mathematical model to estimate project costs?

a. parametric

b. rough order of magnitude estimating

c. analogous

d. bottom-up

答案：a

200. Which type of tool is usually recommended for small projects and single users?

a. Upper range

b. High-end

c. Low-end

d. Midrange

答案：c

201. Which perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups?

a. Symbolic frame

b. Political frame

c. Structural frame

d. Human resources frame

答案：b

202. Which statement best describes the difference between an activity list and an activity attribute?

a. As opposed to an activity attribute, an activity list provides resource requirements and constraints related to activities.

b. An activity attribute is a tabulation of activities to be included on a project schedule whereas an activity list is not.

c. An activity attribute provides more schedule-related information about each activity than an activity list.

d. An activity list provides a more concrete list of milestones for a project than an activity attribute.

答案：c

203. Which systems development life cycle model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined?

a. Spiral life cycle

b. Waterfall life cycle

c. Prototyping life cycle

d. RAD life cycle

答案：b

204. Which technique involves network diagramming and is used primarily to predict total project duration?

a. Gantt chart

b. critical path analysis

c. resource breakdown structure

d. arrow diagramming method

答案：b

205. Which technique is used for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost?

a. critical chain scheduling

b. crashing

c. feeding buffers

d. dependency

答案：b

206. Which term describes a product produced as part of a project?

a. deliverable

b. variance

c. scope

d. work package

答案：a

207. Work performance information and cost forecasts are main outputs of which process?

a. cost control

b. cost pricing

c. cost estimating

d. cost budgeting

答案：a